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About Karamojaland and the Conflict
Wricked by famine and internal conflict the Karamojong people face a very difficult
existence.
About the land
Karamojaland is a dry semi-arid savannah covering a large area of North Eastern
Uganda. There is just one very short growing season per year which is often
unsuccessful. Karamojaland is subject to yearly drought and famine.
Report WFP (world food program) Jan 2007 "At least 40 percent of the population
lacks adequate, if any food stocks."
The Conflict
For almost 30 years now Karamojaland has been the scene of a bloody internal
conflict. The fighting is described as an inter-ethnic conflict, whereby tribes
and villages are attacking one-another over the ownership of cows and for revenging
previous attacks.
To begin with the government ignored the gun culture of Karamoja, leaving them
to defend themselves from each other and attacking tribes from Sudan and Kenya.
The Disarmament
Since 2005 the government is making its second attempt to disarm the Karamojong
using more force and more troops.
But there are new problems arising. Small groups of Karamojong warriors have
refused to give up their guns and are hiding out in the bush. They are raiding
villages that have already been disarmed, stealing cows, killing people and
taking food stocks, leaving the Karamojong people who most want peace with nothing.
Report from St. Kizito Hospital in Matany sub-county in Karamojaland, on Jan
2007 " Over the last three months there have been over 60 hospitalized
cases of men, women and children who have received gunshot wounds. An average
of 1 victim every 12 -18 hours. Also Given the fact that those who reach hospital
are only the survivors, the actual field mortality must be incredible and of
great concern."
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About Why Karamoja are fleeing to the ghettos in Kampala
Lokopo in Karamojaland
Lokopo sub-county is a very poor area affected badly by the conflict and by
lack of food. It consists of about 20 settlements, most without any protection
from the army. Attacks from neighboring warriors are still very frequent.
Simple jobs like collecting fire wood from the bush have become a potentially
fatal activity. Men trapping small animals for food are also subject to attacks.
But it is the women which are particularly hard hit. For example: women do
not go on raids to other villages, but they suffer directly when other villages
return for revenge attacks.
Because of this insecurity and hunger, more than half of the population of
Lokopo, mostly women and children have fled to Kampala, Mbale or Jinja.
How do they leave?
They go to the area town of Matany and sell water or collect wood which is
a very dangerous occupation and only gains them a few 100 Ush a day. However,
they endeavor to save little by little until they have enough money for the
bus to kampala which is about 18-000 Ush.
In Kampala
Once in Kampala, however, they cannot speak the local language and so cannot
find work. Their only means to survive is to beg and sweep the streets for beans
and maize that have fallen from trucks.
They sleep in the slum areas of town in very dirty conditions, where diseases
like cholera and Typhoid are endemic.
Some Karamoja women resort to using children for extra begging power, placing
them on the street alone and in the direct shine. Some even take other peoples
children from Karamojaland, the mothers are happy to give up their children
purely so the child can get fed.
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About the Culture and the People
Culture
Despite the lack of food and the internal conflict the Karamojong people are
still managing to preserve their rich culture of wearing jewelry, dancing and
singing and creating folklore.
Jewelry
The Karamojong are well known for their colourful designs of jewelry. The waist
straps being the distinguishing feature for the Karamoja ladies. The more lengths
of beads mean the more respectable and also more desirable for marrying they
become.
Old men often sell off their best cows in order to buy jewelry for their daughters
so they can gain a higher dowry price when married.
The colours most favoured by the Karamojong women are natural shades of Orange,
blue and green. Originally precious stones were also used as decoration but
what with the insecurity searching for such stones in the mountains are too
hazardous.
The people
Karamoja people are the only semi nomadic peoples of Uganda. Most are cattle
herders although cultivation of crops like sorghum and maize are also important.
Karamojong means "The tired old man"
In history because of drought the Karamoja people began to migrate from Ethiopia.
Some went to Sudan to a place called Nadapal (Toposa people); some went to Lokichokio
in Kenya to an area called Turkanaland.
Some of these people then extended their journey to Northern Uganda to a place
called Moroto (Karamojong people). Others walked through Karamojaland to the
neighbouring land of Teso.
Even as far away as Tanzania the relatives of the Karamojong can be found (Maasai
people).
Men live for extended periods with the cattle, moving according to the availability
of pasture and water, and to avoid cattle raiding by neighbors.
Women and families tend to remain in permanent settlements. These villages
may comprise of 20 or more families who have chosen to live together for reasons
of security and support.
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